Name of the drug

Mode of action

Current status

References

Remdesivir

1. An adenosine analogue prodrug.

2. Interferes with viral replication by potentially inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) (Figure 3, step IV).

1. Although approved by FDA for emergency use in severe patients, NIH stopped its clinical trials.

[105],[106], [107],[108], [109],[110]

Favipiravir

1. It also interferes with viral replication by potentially inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp).

2. Initially approved for influenza treatment in 2014, it is a guanosine analogue prodrug.

1. Initial results were promising.

2. Clinical trial is ongoing in many countries including India.

Lopinavir/Ritonavir

1. Potential anti-retroviral protease inhibitor.

2. Ritonavir is speculated to inhibit other host proteases thereby protecting Lopinavir.

1. Results not consistent and unsatisfactory.

Oseltamivir

1. A neuraminidase inhibitor.

2. Exact mode of action against SARS-CoV-2 has not been established.

1. Removed from clinical trial.

Dexamethasone

1. A glucocorticoid drug.

2. Anti-inflammatory.

3. Decreases expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules.

1. Shown promising result in RECOVERY clinical trial.

2. Conflicts remain regarding benefit-risk profile of the drug across full-spectrum of critical patients.