Vaccine Candidate

Developer/Manufacturer

Vaccine type and mode of action

Outcome (if known any)

Clinical trial phase

References

ChAdOx1/(COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca)

University of Oxford/AstraZeneca

Non-replicating chimpanzee adenovirus vector with SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on its surface.

· Immunogenicity response.

· Authorized for use in the UK, India, Argentina, Mexico, Morocco, Dominican Republic and El Salvador.

Phase 3

[111]

Covaxin

Bharat Biotech

Inactivated whole-virion vaccine

· SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody production.

· Reduced viral load in nasal cavity, lungs.

Phase 3

[112]

Zycov-D

Zydus Cadila

Plasmid DNA vaccine targeted against viral membrane protein

· Elevated neutralizing antibody in animal studies.

· Safe and well-tolerated in Phase 1.

Phase 2

[113]

BNT162 (Comirnaty)

Pfizer/BioNTech/Fosun Pharma

4 LNP-encapsulated mRNAs.

· Strong immune response.

· Regulatory approval in the UK, Canada, Mexico, US, Bahrain, Chile, Singapore, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait.

Phase 3

[114], [115]

mRNA-1273

Moderna/NIAID

LNP-encapsulated RNA vaccine

· Immunogenic.

· Authorized for use in US, Canada and Israel from January 2021.

Phase 3

[116]

CoronaVac

Sinovac

Formalin-inactivated and alum-adjuvant vaccine

· Immunogenic.

· Emergency use for high-risk patients in China.

Phase 3

[112]

NVX-CoV2373

Novavax

Prefusion protein nanoparticle adjuvant with matrix M.

· Immunogenic.

Phase 3

[117]

Sputnik V

Gamaleya Research Institute

Non-replicating Adeno-viral vector

· Elevated humoral and cellular immune response.

· Lack of clinical data. Received regulatory approval in Russia.

Phase 3

[118]

EpiVac Corona

Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology

Peptide vaccine

· No clinical data available but received regulatory approval in Russia.

Phase 1/2

[112]

BCG

University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute; Radbound University Medical Center; Faust man Lab at Massachusetts General Hospital

Live-attenuated vaccine

· Strong humoral as well as cellular immune response.

Phase 2/3

[119]

[120]